Narrative Text: Pengertian, Struktur, Ciri-ciri, dan Contohnya

KOMPAS.com - Narrative text atau teks naratif adalah teks yang menampilkan cerita imajinasi yang hidup di lingkungan kita, seperti mitos, dongeng rakyat, legenda, dan fabel.

Dilansir dari buku Top One UN-USBN SMA/MA IPA 2019 (2018) oleh Tim Guru Indonesia, tujuan dari teks ini adalah menghibur pembaca (to entertain/to amuse the readers).

Salah satu ciri teks ini, yaitu konflik yang dialami tokoh dalam cerita tersebut.

Baca juga: Narrative Text: Pengertian, Struktur dan Karakteristiknya

Struktur narrative text

Narrative text memiliki struktur umum, yaitu:

• Orientasi (Orientation), bagian ini merupakan bagian awal yang berisi perkenalan waktu, tempat, tokoh, dan watak tokoh
• Komplikasi (Complication), bagian ini berisi masalah atau munculnya konflik
• Resolusi (Resolution), bagian ini memuat masalah yang sudah teratasi
• Re-orientasi, pada bagian ini penulis menyampaikan penutup berupa pesan moral dari cerita tersebut. Bagian ini sifatnya opsional (bisa dipakai dan bisa dihilangkan)

Baca juga: Contoh Narrative Text beserta Strukturnya

Ciri-ciri narrative text

Dikutip dari buku Bongkar Pola Soal UNBK SMA/MA IPS 2020 (2019) oleh Ika Femilia, narrative text memiliki ciri-ciri kebahasaan sebagai berikut:

Past Tense

Teks naratif disusun dengan menggunakan: past tense (S+V2).

Contoh:

• One day, the little boy was very hungry
• However, when he tried to pull his hand out, he couldn't

Saying Verb

Yang dimaksud "saying verb" adalah kata kerja yang menandakan adanya suatu percakapan, seperti say, ask, tell, state, reply, order, question, suggest, dan lain-lain.

Contoh:

• "... i'm sure it's okay," said the little boy.
• "Well, don't be so greedy," his mother answered.

Baca juga: Narrative Text: Pengertian, Struktur, Unsur Kebahasaan, dan Contohnya

Contoh narrative text

Berikut ini adalah contoh narrative text:

Orientation

One day, the little boy was very hungry. He was happy to see a jar of nuts on the table. Because nuts were one of his favorite things to see.

Complication

"Ah, I'd like some of these nuts. I'm sure mother would give them to me. But I can't ask her. Because she isn't here yet. I'll just take a big handful. I'm sure it's okay," said the little boy.

Then the little boy put his hand in the jar and grabbed a big, big handful.

However, when he tried to pull his hand out, he couldn't. The neck of the jar was too small. His hand was stuck.

He tried and tried, again and again. But he couldn't take the whole handful out. Soon, he started to cried.

His mother walked into the room and asked. "What's the matter? Why are you crying?" then she looked little boy's hand and asked, "What are you doing?"

"I can't take this handful of nuts out of the jar," cried the little boy.

"Well, don't be so greedy," his mother aswered. "Just take two or three nuts. The you can take your hand out easily."

Baca juga: Contoh Narrative Text Fairy Tale dan Strukturnya

Resolution

He tries her advice ... and of course, it worked!

Itulah penjelasan mengenai apa itu narrative text, struktur narrative text, ciri narrative text, dan contoh narrative text.

Baca juga: Contoh Narrative Text tentang Binatang