Passive Voice: Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh Soalnya

Oleh: Ervina, Guru SMPN 7 Muaro Jambi, Jambi

KOMPAS.com - Kita tentunya pernah mendengar istilah kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif. Namun bagaimana cara kita mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris?

Berikut disajikan pengertian hingga contoh cara mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif sederhana dalam bentuk present (sekarang), past (lampau), dan future (masa depan).

Pengertian passive voice

Passive voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang muncul saat mengubah obyek kalimat menjadi subyek kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris. Dengan kata lain, subyek kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, tetapi sebaliknya menjadi penerima aksi.

Contoh sederhana dalam bahasa Indonesia:

• Ibu menyapu lantai  (aktif)
  Lantai disapu oleh ibu (pasif)
• Mereka membersihkan halaman (aktif)
  Halaman dibersihkan oleh mereka (pasif)

Kata kerja berawalan di-, seperti disapu dan dibersihkan merupakan ciri dari kalimat pasif.

Baca juga: Daftar Hobi dalam Bahasa Inggris beserta Contoh Dialognya

Rumus passive voice

Kalimat passive voice dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut:

• Present: To be (is/am/are) + V3
• Past: To be (was/were) + V3
• Future: To be (will be) + V3

V3 adalah verb 3 atau kata kerja bentuk ketiga dalam bahasa Inggris. 

Contoh kalimat passive voice

Berikut contoh sederhana tentang cara mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat passive voice, yaitu:

Present tense

Contoh kalimat dalam present tense, yakni:

• Father visits grandmother. (active)
  Grandmother is (to be) visited (verb 3) by father. (passive)
• They collect stamps. (active)
  Stamps are (to be) collected (verb 3) by them. (Passive)         

Past tense

Contoh kalimat passive voice past tense adalah: 

• Father visited grandmother. (active)
  Grandmother was (to be) visited (verb 3) by father. (passive)
• They collected stamps. (active)
  Stamps were (to be) collected (verb 3) by them. (passive)

Future tense

Beberapa contoh kalimat dalam future tense ialah: 

• Father will visit grandmother. (active)
  Grandmother will be (to be) visited (verb 3) by father. (passive)
• They will collect stamps. (active)
  Stamps will be (to be) collected (verb 3) by them. (passive)

Baca juga: Jenis Modals dalam Bahasa Inggris beserta Contoh Penggunaannya

Soal latihan

Agar lebih memahami cara mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat passive voice, berlatihlah dengan soal- soal berikut ini:

Soal-soal 

Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan menggunakan rumusan passive voice!

Aurduri Bridge ……(1) in 1990 and it ……(2) by President Soeharto. It’s located in Jambi Province.

• Nomor 1
• 1. is built
  2. will be built
  3. were built 
  4. was built

• Nomor 2
  1. is inaugurated
  2. was inaugurated
  3. were inaugurated
  4. will inaugurated

• “They visited grandmother”
  1. Grandmother was visited by them
  2. Grandmother were visited by them
  3. Grandmother is visited by them
  4. Grandmother are visited by them

• “Mother cooks rendang in the kitchen ”
  1. Rendang was cooked by mother in the kitchen.
  2. Rendang were cooked by mother in the kitchen.
  3. Rendang is cooked by mother in the kitchen.
  4. Rendang are cooked by mother in the kitchen.

• The student - brought – was – English – book - by
      1                 2              3            4         5        6
  1. 1-2-3-4-5-6
  2. 4-5-2-3-6-1
  3. 4-5-3-2-6-1
  4. 6-5-4-3-2-1

• susi - eaten - by - was – apple - the
    1        2        3      4          5        6
  1. 1-2-3-4-5-6
  2. 6-5-4-2-3-1
  3. 6-5-4-3-2-1
  4. 5-4-2-3-6-1

• Andi : Do you know where my pen is?
  Bayu : Your pen is being used by Jhon
  Andi  : May I borrow your pen?
  Bayu : I’m sorry my pen has been lost.
  The passive sentence in this dialogue is …….

1. 1. Do you know where my pen is?
   2. Your pen is being used by Jhon
   3. May I borrow your pen?
   4. I’m sorry my pen has been lost.

• Teacher : What did you eat for your breakfast?
  Student : I ate fried rice
  Teacher : Who cooked it?
  Students: it is cooked by my mother
  The passive sentence in this dialogue is …….

1. 1. What did you eat for your breakfast?
   2. I ate fried rice
   3. Who cooked it?
   4. it is cooked by my mother

• “Kue dipanggang oleh ibu”
  1. The cake was baked by mother
  2. The cake was bake by mother
  3. The cake was boiled by mother
  4. The cake was boil by mother

• “Artikel- artikel dikumpulkan oleh ayah”
  1. Articles are collected by father
  2. Articles are collect by father
  3.  Articles is collected by father
  4. Articles is collect by father

Baca juga: Modals dalam Bahasa Inggris: Pengertian, Fungsi, dan Contohnya

Kunci jawaban

1. D 
2. B 
3. A 
4. C 
5. C 
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A