Tingkatan Bahasa dalam Bahasa Jawa: Ngoko, Krama, Krama Inggil

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Tingkatan Bahasa dalam Bahasa Jawa: Ngoko, Krama, Krama Inggil,

KOMPAS.com – Terdapat beberapa tingkatan dalam penggunaan Bahasa Jawa sehari-hari. Setiap tingkatan tersebut memiliki makna serta fungsi khusus.

Hal itu bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa seseorang dapat berkomukasi sesuai unggah-ungguh Bahasa Jawa yang berlaku.

Berikut adalah tabel tingkatan bahasa dalam bahasa Jawa:

1. A-J

Kata bahasa Jawa dari abjad A sampai J:
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Ngoko</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Krama</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Krama inggil</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Arti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">adhi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">adhi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">rayi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">adik</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">adus</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">adus</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">siram</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mandi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">akon</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">aken</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dhawuh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">menyuruh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">aku</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kula</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dalem</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">saya</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ambung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ambung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">aras</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mencium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">anak</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">anak</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">putra</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">anak</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">anggo</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">angge</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">agem</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">memakai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ati</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">manah</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">penggalih</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">hati</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">awak</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">badan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">salira</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">tubuh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">aweh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">nyukani</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">maringi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">memberi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bali</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wangsul</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kondur</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">pulang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bebuwang</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bebucal</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bobotan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">buang air besar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bener</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">leres</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kasingguhan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">benar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">biyen</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">riyin</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">rumiyin</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dulu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bojo</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">semah</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">garwa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">suami/istri</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">buyar</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">rampung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">rampung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">selesai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">cekel</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">cepeng</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dipunasta</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dipegang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">celathu</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wicanten</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ngendika</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">berbicara</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">deleng</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">tingal</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">priksa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">lihat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dalan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">radinan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">margi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jalan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dhuwit</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yatra</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">arta</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">uang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dhuwur</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">inggil</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">luhur</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">tinggi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">duwe</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gadhah</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kagungan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mempunyai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">embuh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kilap</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">duka</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">tidak tahu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">enggo</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">engge</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">agem</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">pakai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">entut</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">entut</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sarib</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kentut</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gawa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bekta</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ngasta</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">membawa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelang</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelang</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">binggel</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelem</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">purun</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kersa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gelung</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ukel</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sanggul</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">icip-icip</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">icip-icip</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ngedhapi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mencicipi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">idu</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">idu</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kecoh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">air ludah</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">iket</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">iket</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">dhestar</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ikat kepala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jamu</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jampi</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">lolohan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jamu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jaran</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kapal</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">titihan</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">kuda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jarit</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sinjang</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">nyamping</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jarik</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jeneng</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">nama</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">asma</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">nama</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">joged</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">joged</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">beksa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">tari</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jungkat</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">serat</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">pethat</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sisir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jupuk</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mendhet</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mundhut</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">mengambil</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

2. K-T

Kata bahasa Jawa dari huruf K-T:

3. U-Y

Kata bahasa Jawa dari huruf U-Y:
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Ngoko</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Krama</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Krama inggil</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">Arti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">umbel</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">umbel</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gadhing</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">ingus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">umur</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">umur</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yuswa</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">umur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">urip</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">gesang</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sugeng</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">hidup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wadon</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">estri</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">putri</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wanita</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wahing</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wahing</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">sigra</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bersin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">watuk</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">watuk </td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">cekoh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">batuk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wisuh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wisuh</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">wijik</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">membasuh tangan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yekti</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yektos</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yektos</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">betul</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">yen</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bilih</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">bilih</td>
<td style="width: 24.5946%;">jikalau</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Sumber:

Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (2013). Tingkat Tutur Bahasa Jawa. Yogyakarta: Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Dr. Joko Sukoyo, M. P. (2022). Unggah-ungguh Bahasa Jawa. Semarang: UNNES Press.